Further photographs are copyrighted works derived from recordings in a realistic situation there (the subject) or invisible, unlike the work of photo paintings where the creator can create or perform the transformation from what he saw or felt, the JPEG images are recording what circumstances there are (realistic and visible), it is similar artists who are also said by Adi Wicaksono in his paper “The reality of the meaning of photography” says that the photo is a representation of the object or the reality of the world re, display, offer intact reality.

So clearly from the definitions above that art is more talking to the man who reveals himself into the work, whether the disclosed feelings, hatred, joy, freedom, etc … hereinafter all called expressions.

From what is done in a process in photography and art are very different, not that that stopped photography to be recognized as art, but there is a point of equality between them that is what the fine art artists and photographers, that they create works derived from the expression of the author inherent in their work. Once again instead of making the work that makes a work called art or not, but the meaning, the soul in a work, expression is in the works that makes the work of man referred to as art.

So it is worth when the photographs were recorded by a photographer in a split second of time was considered art if it is a reflection of the soul, and emotion or breadth of expression in the work of the photograph.

Source: apphoto.8m.com

The Thinker
Manufacturer sculpture “The Thinker” was named Auguste Rodin. Previously, the original name of this sculpture is “The Poet”, which depicts a naked man sitting ponder his poetry. Rodin based his theme on The Divine Comedy of Dante and entitled the portal The Gates of Hell. Each of the statues in the piece represented one of the main characters in the epic poem. The Thinker was originally meant to depict Dante in front of the Gates of Hell, pondering his great poem. (In the final sculpture, a miniature of the statue sits atop the gates, pondering the hellish fate of those beneath him). The sculpture is nude, as Rodin wanted a heroic figure in the tradition of Michelangelo, to represent intellect as well as poetry.

Pieta
Created by the artist Michelangelo (1475-1564), describes the Virgin Mary statue was assuming his son, Jesus. Before the statue was made, Michelangelo is an artist who is not famous, until at the time had just 20 years old, he was told to make this Pieta statue. In 2 years, using a slab of marble, even this beautiful statue finally finished made. Although the Pietà most often shows the Virgin Mary holding Jesus, there are other compositions, including those where God the Father participates in holding Jesus. In Spain the Virgin often holds up one or both hands, sometimes with Christ’s body slumped to the floor.

Venus de Milo
The statue was created about 100 and 130 BC. This statue is believed to depict Aphrodite (Venus for the Roman version), goddess of love and beauty from Greece. Before the statue was placed in the Louvre museum in Paris, this statue was accidentally discovered in a farmer’s field. Although the Aphrodite of Milos is widely renowned for the mystery of her missing arms enough evidence remains to prove that the right arm of the goddess was lowered across the torso with the right hand resting on the raised left knee so the sliding drapery wrapped around the hips and legs could be held in place. There is a filled hole below the right breast that originally contained a metal tenon that would have supported the separately carved right arm.

The left arm was held at just below the eye level of the statue above a herm while holding an apple. The right side of the statue is more carefully worked and finished than the left side or back, indicating that the statue was intended to be seen mainly as a profile from its right. The left hand would have held the apple up into the air further back inside the niche the statue was set in. When the left hand was still attached, it would have been clear to an observer that the goddess was looking at the apple she held up in her left hand.

The statue would have been tinted as was the custom of the era, adorned with jewellery and positioned in a niche inside of a gymnasium. The painting of the statue along with the bedecking in jewellery were intended to make it appear more lifelike. Today, all traces of any paint have disappeared and the only signs of the armbands, necklace, earrings and crown are the attachment holes.

David
“David” is a masterpiece of Renaissance sculpture is made between the years 1501 and 1504, by the artist Michelangelo. David’s sculpture depicting a man is 5.17 meters tall. David is a masterpiece of Renaissance sculpture created between 1501 and 1504, by the Italian artist Michelangelo. The statue represents the Biblical hero David, a favoured subject in the art of Florence. Originally commissioned as one of a series of statues of prophets to be positioned along the roofline of the east end of Florence Cathedral, the statue was instead placed in a public square, outside the Palazzo della Signoria, the seat of civic government in Florence, where it was unveiled on 8 September 1504. Because of the nature of the hero that it represented, it soon came to symbolise the defence of civil liberties embodied in the Florentine Republic, an independent city-state threatened on all sides by more powerful rival states and by the hegemony of the Medici family. The eyes of David, with a warning glare, were turned towards Rome. The statue was moved to the Academy Gallery in Florence in 1873, and then replace it with a statue replicas to the location of the statue was found.

In the history of ancient civilizations of the world, like the Mayan peoples who descended from heaven, having a brilliant time, then mysteriously disappeared.

They master the specialized knowledge of astronomy and deep, dating system is perfect, an elaborate astronomical calculations and methods of abstract thinking that high. Perfection and accuracy of the calculation date was make many experts wonder!

Sacred Calendar of Mayan Tzolkin is a door or entering the mind of a highly developed civilization in the Western world before the arrival of European nations. Experts believe, Ancient Mayan astronomy is an amazing intellectual achievement, equivalent to the geometry of the Ancient Egyptian and Greek philosophy.

Many people believe, a 2,000-year-old calendar was more accurate than the Gregorian calendar used since 1582.

Ancient Mayans lived in the early first millennium AD in the Mesoamerican region, which stretches from northern Mexico to Honduras, in the northern Yucatan Peninsula. Population of 5 million to 14 million people, live in cities now known as southern Mexico, Guatemala, and Belize.

In The Mayan Calendar and the Transformation of Consciousness (2004), Carl Johan Calleman PhD writes, in addition to high culture in the fields of art and architecture found in these regions of the pyramid, such as Palenque, Tikal, Copán, and Chitchén Itza, the Ancient Mayans well-known capability in astronomy and mathematics. This is the first nation to use the number zero (0).

Ancient Mayans were obsessed with time. According to Lawrence E Joseph in Apocalypse 2012 (2007), they create at least 20 calendar, customized with a variety of cycles, ranging from pregnancy until the harvest, moon to Venus. Its orbit is very accurate calculation of the difference is only one day every 1,000 years.

The ruins of their cities, according to Jared Diamond in Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Survive (2005), was discovered in 1839 by legal experts from the United States, John Stephens, along with British draftsman Frederick Catherwood. Exploration was found 44 cities and places.

Obsessed cycle

Most importantly for the people of the Ancient Maya is the cosmic ethos. Peace means the attitude of harmony with the eternal movement of the universe. Due to fixed on the cycle, they do not realize the changes around them.

This may explain the breakdown of the nation. Although there who believe they moksa, methodologically Jared Diamond explains, the cause is the destruction of the environment carrying capacity for agriculture and excessive forest clearing, as well as a very high population growth.

This view was confirmed Aeronautics and Space Research Agency United States (NASA) that found pollen trapped in sediment is 1,200 years old-before-the collapse of Mayan civilization in the area around Tikal. That’s a massive deforestation, the trees disappear, live grass.

Another cause is the ongoing war for power and natural resources. Less than a century, the population decreased 80-90 percent. According to Diamond, the attention of the leaders when it seems to focus on short-term problem. They are greedy, power mad, and oppressive.

However, it does not nullify the dramatic collapse of the Mayans of ancient wisdom, especially about the forecasts of disaster that has not been unchallenged. Spanish raid in 1519 on the orders of Rome has been predicted with the help of the stars in the sky.

Its forecast to save the ancient texts, which still kept the elders in the interior, among the thousands of texts that were burned colonists and four books about the Mayan Calendar which was later found in Europe.

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Besides the beauty of a photograph sometimes works has also been associated with the figure of womanhood. There is an interesting notion that the photograph is a photograph showing the beauty of a woman. Just look at the print media in circulation today, is generally more dominant on the cover page of the woman, although print media are reserved for male readers. Moreover, the figure of the woman is shown plus the contours of her body is beautiful and its beauty, as it appears the new tabloids a lot lately emerged in the community who display the beauty and the beauty of a woman’s body (read: show off genitalia). Even some time ago a number of weekly magazines problematic because a photo of a model on the cover page and deemed pornographic by the authorities. Chief editor, photographer and model summoned by police for interrogation purposes. Although the photographer or its models is called to work to pay for payday loans no credit check, here is not just revolve around the issue of money and business. But more likely the value of art. So, photographers and models are confused because they feel they do not make mistakes and the absence of clear legal settlement.

In the world of art and literature have been known as Erotic Realism. United States publishers also considers that they also have the right to present materials that are erotic Realism. They began struggling to convince audiences about the importance of the erotic element in human life. Treating sexual problems with other problems that are non sexual. Established that people are free to create and broadcast the description of aspects of a realistic and alive.

Size to say a picture is porn or art depending on the public perception of the body, this is very subjective. For example most people assume that a beautiful body is a slender, smooth, white. When an object appears with a picture of a naked woman and a fat body, probably does not generate lust for those who see it if the image could be considered pornographic or not? Maybe not a pornographic lust invite if its size or not, but the problem picture picture naked.

From some of the discussion above, we can conclude the following things:

1. In painting and sculpture there is the distance between the viewer and the nudity is shown. The point however is very much like painting naked, very realistic, people still regard it as another world that is not part of reality. In contrast to that in a work of photographic images there is no distance between the viewer with JPEG images, because images are considered as part of reality.
2. Pornography emerged in the sense when he duplicated and disseminated, not substance.
3. Pornography should be translated by a court through the judge’s decision.
4. Naked or not, how far it called porn is very subjective depending on the motives of people who saw and motives of the creator.
5. What distinguishes art with porn is the art can make people inspired, while not pornographic.

Edwin Raharjo, who is also the owner of Edwins Gallery added that he was disagreed with the vote rejecting the entry of foreign investment in the business of art gallery services. The government plans to extend the limit on foreign ownership in several businesses, one art gallery business through Presidential Regulation No. 111/2007 which includes a negative list of investment (DNI). 

Presidential Regulation No. 111/2007 states limit foreign ownership in the business of art gallery maximum of 50%, while it mentions pemilikanasing perpres revision can be increased up to 67%. He said the art gallery business services sector in the country although not yet well-ordered seen progress in several major cities, namely Jakarta, Bandung, and Denpasar. 

He demonstrated the art gallery business services in some countries, like Singapore, China and European countries and America forward precisely because it is open to the participation of foreign art galleries. That, he continued, encouraged stakeholders to structuring and restructuring to improve the quality of business services sector in the country’s art gallery. 

In America, he said, there are more than 1,000 art galleries, and many of them exhibiting works of art galleries in other countries such as special Japanese wood sculpture, African art gallery, and others. Only, he continued, the government needs to do restriction by limiting the building and land ownership for foreigners lnvestor. ”Better management of the gallery only [to foreigners]. The building and land should not be sold to foreign investors come,” he said.

Batik, according to Wikipedia comes from the Javanese word Amba (writing) and titik (also means “dot” in the Indonesian language). In addition there is also interpreted as writing or dotting. Indeed, dot is the dominant design in batik. At the National Museum we can see detail on drawing batik fabric on stone sculptures from the eighth century (eg sculpture sculptures from the temples of Prambanan) as well as in the sculptures from the 13th century (Singosari) and century 14 (Majapahit). Despite this first writing about batik in Java comes from recording the palace in central Java in the 16th century (Aspects of Indonesian Culture).

Basic techniques of batik (dye resistance pattern) according to the info comes from Egypt around 1500 years ago. At the National Museum of China there are also jars are made by trying to practice this batik techniques on ceramics. But the experiment seems to be more successful on the fabric in Java. From the name alone is unclear who raised the name of the place of origin of batik itself.

With the development of the cloth trade in Java, then go fabric from India in the years around 1800 and from Europe in the years around 1815. Because using higher quality fabrics, the increasingly rapid development of Java, batik and more famous.

Gittinger Mattiebelle researching the textile industry in Indonesia in his writings on the Arts of Asia (September-October 1980) states that use the basic technique that uses wax batik may have originated from China and India, but all the tools and the process of making batik is specific pembatikannya Java. Batik Canting is a tool of writing invented by the Javanese and shows a high versatility of our ancestors.

In fact, according Gittinger Dutch in the 17th century began to trade in batik and in the 19th century began producing batik textile factory which later to be trade to West Africa.

Unfortunately the results of high artistic value, according to experts, lack of government attention. Even a flatter Malaysian government on the development of awareness of batik Malaysia, citing the daily Jakarta Post that discussed the development of Indonesian batik comparison with the actual use of Malaysian workers from Indonesia. Lack of government attention on the development of batik was highlighted in 2005 due to patent it first Malaysian batik as it is written in the Republika daily . Indeed this patent matters according to the daily Kompas many do not know, and quite difficult to fight for the recognition of the cultural tradition of property rights. Malaysia attention on patents is higher, and their promotion of Malaysian batik is quite large, as seen on stamps of Malaysia.

Whereas batik actually contains a very high historical value. Parang Rusak batik for example, actually includes batik motifs used in sacred that only the court environment. Similarly, the color motif batik parang at home court can determine the users, whether from the Kraton of Solo or Jogja Kraton.

Besides bringing a symbolic meaning, observing the cultural richness of batik also showed uptake of Indonesia. National Museum we can see the difference between coastal batik influenced by Chinese culture, Islamic culture, as well as the influence of the Dutch occupation that was at that time also resulted in the Dutch batik (derived from the plant owned by the Dutch in Indonesia).

Wayang is the Indonesian traditional arts are mainly developed in Java and Bali. Puppet show has been recognized by UNESCO on November 7, 2003, as an admirable work in the field of culture and heritage narrative story is beautiful and very valuable (Masterpiece of Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity).

There puppet version played by the people by wearing unique costumes, known as ‘dalang‘, and there is also a form of collection of teddy puppet played by him. This dalang played such a puppet show or wayang kulit. The story is told in the leather puppet show usually originates from the Mahabharata and Ramayana.

Puppet show in every country has its own techniques and style, thereby Indonesian shadow puppets are made by indigenous Indonesian people who have a story, style and extraordinary puppeteer. Sometimes repertoire Panji stories and Menak stories (Islamic stories) also staged.

Puppet, by the predecessors of this country really contains a very deep meaning. Sunan Kalijaga and Raden Patah was instrumental in developing puppetry. The Guardian in Java has been arranged into three parts. First in East Java, Wayang Kulit or leather puppet, second is Wayang Wong or Human Puppet in Central Java, and third Marionette Puppet in West Java. Each very bekaitan one another. In philosophical word says: “Where the contents (Wayang Wong) and Where the Skin (shadow play) should be sought (Puppet Marionette)”.

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